Burtaev
Yuri
Vasilyevich
10.02.1936 - 04.08.2020

• A model of the electron as a cylindrical oscillator with two types of excitation: longitudinal ("auger") and transverse ("turbo"). From this geometry, the spin, magnetic moment, Compton wavelength, and other known parameters are rigorously derived.
• A hierarchical principle for hadron structure: pions, muons, nucleons, hyperons, and resonances are treated as structures with an integer or fractional number of "harmonics" (auger vanes) that are multiples of the electron structure.
• Visual space-time diagrams of all major decays: π→μν, μ→eνν, neutron beta decay, and decays of hyperons and resonances.
• Numerical calculations of masses, magnetic moments, and particle sizes that agree with experimental data (within measurement accuracy).

The author does not merely present his model but also proposes more than twenty verification experiments that can confirm or refute his concept. For each of them, numerical values of physical quantities or relationships between them are predicted.

• matter is an excitation of homogeneous and isotropic space-time;
• the structure of any particle is described by a "kernel–coat" hierarchy and quantum numbers q,k,r;
• the dynamics of processes are governed by the fundamental metrics h,c,α and the property of chirality (L/R), not by abstract gauge symmetries.

1. The "Quantum Ladder" of matter (Fig. 2.1.1): from the nuclear kernel (800 MeV) through gluono and valento up to chemical bonds. The author clearly demonstrates why an electron cannot be born within an atom, whereas a gamma quantum with energy above 1 MeV can, and how this relates to the hierarchy of structures.
2. An alternative theory of e+e−e+e− annihilation (Chapters 2.3–2.4). Instead of quark production, a sequential "multiplication of harmonics" according to the "magic" numbers 2, 3, 4, 6, 8, 24, 32, 96. According to the author, this is precisely how the resonances ρ,ω,ϕ,J/ψ,Υ, and subsequent hadron jets arise.
3. Analysis of baryon resonances (Chapter 2.5). The author derives simple linear dependencies m2(q) for Δ and Π resonances, including hyperons Λ,Σ,Ξ with a fractional coat structure (5/4, 7/4, etc.). This is a direct challenge to the quark model: particles appear not as triplets of quarks, but as different combinations of pion structures.
4. A unified scheme for scattering and charge exchange (Chapters 2.6–2.7). Two fundamental types of interaction are formulated: repulsion (ξ-tw) with conservation of chirality and charge exchange (ζ-tw) with a change of chirality. Based on these rules, the author constructs tables of allowed and forbidden reactions (Table 2.7.3), explaining why some channels exist and others do not, without invoking "strangeness" or "charm".
5. A classification of decays (Chapter 2.8). Dozens of decay channels—from pions to the J/ψJ/ψ meson—are classified by types: sling, half-division, threefold, ruins division. The author shows that decay probabilities are determined by how the kernel and coat "cool down", rather than by random amplitudes.
6. A reinterpretation of deep inelastic scattering (Chapters 2.9–2.12). This is the central polemical section. The author accepts the experimental data from Hofstadter, Kendall, Friedman, and Taylor but rejects their quark interpretation. Scaling and the structure functions F1,F2,F3F1​,F2​,F3​ are explained by the interaction of an electron or neutrino with the R- and L-halves of the nucleon's kernel (Figs. 2.10.12, 2.12.6). The neutrino (a simple soliton) "probes" individual kernel harmonics, giving rise to the observed cross-section ratios (including three- and four-muon events).

• Research physicists and educators who wish to explore a consistent alternative to the standard "quark–gluon" model.
• Graduate and advanced undergraduate students who want to see how spectra, cross-sections, and selection rules can be described uniformly using a minimum of postulates and a maximum of experimental facts.
• Anyone dissatisfied with the abstract formalism of quantum field theory, seeking a more visual, "phenomenological" physics.

Part Two is not a reference book but an invitation to a discussion. The author deliberately avoids fashionable jargon ("confinement", "gauge", "color") and returns the reader to a direct dialogue with experiment: to look at cross-section graphs, mass spectra, track photographs, and draw conclusions independently.

• All conclusions are based exclusively on experimental data from Particle Data Group (RPP) reviews.
• Simple arithmetic relations are proposed for calculating masses, magnetic moments, and resonance widths.
• A unified notation system (indices q, k, r, n) is introduced, allowing the structure of any particle to be visually represented.
• Each chapter ends with questions for independent analysis, encouraging a critical re-evaluation of experimental histograms and tables.

• Alpha-integerness: Nuclei are formed from alpha particles (2p+2n clusters) and deuterons in antisymmetric states.
• Z-axis symmetry: The spatial configuration of a nuclide has a distinguished axis (z) along which “excess” nucleons are located.
• Cluster hierarchy: Hierarchical clusters are introduced — from the alpha helion and deuteron to the kappa-trigel (¹²C), delta-tetradeuteron, chi-cluster (⁴⁰Ca), and other complex structures.
• “Packing” principle: The magnetic moments, spins, and other dynamic parameters of a nuclide are determined solely by the nucleons that are not part of the fully balanced “core” (z-polar nucleons, theta-belts).

• Ch. 1.2: Lightest nuclides — deuteron, triton, tritide, alpha particle.
• Ch. 1.3–1.4: Linear-axial alpha structures with A=6–9, tetra- and pentadeuterons (A=10–11).
• Ch. 1.5: The role of carbon (¹²C) as a fundamental kappa-core for subsequent elements.
• Ch. 1.6–1.8: Nuclides with kappa and kappa-kappa cores; introduction of the concept of “alpha-waist”.
• Ch. 1.9–1.10: The pinnacle of systematics for light nuclei — the structures of “Slender Aphrodite” (³⁶Ar) and “Flat Hermes” (⁴⁰Ca), discussing the role of the tetraneutron belt in stabilizing nuclei.

• Unified methodological approach to describing nuclides.
• Reliance on verified experimental data.
• Visual spatial models.
• Open polemic with orthodox theories.
• Author’s distinctive style, including elements of scientific dialogue.

• an F-frame is distinguished — an integer-α skeleton (κ, κκ, κακ, χχ),
• and an H-head — a set of nucleons (p, n, d, t, a) on the z-poles of the frame,
• as well as G-belts — equatorial neutron rings.

• Harmony of Structures, Their Stability and Abundance

• Dynamic Parameters of the State of Nuclides

• Beta Transitions and Isomerism

• Collision Reactions and Nuclide Structure

• Systematics of Structures for A = 4–24

• Periodicity of Changes in Nuclide Structures

• F-core — an integer-α framework formed by clusters (α, æ, χ, ξ, δ), defining the spatial layering (story height) of the nucleus.
• G-packaging — a system of equatorial and meridional tetraneutron "9-belts" (of Aphrodite) that stabilize the structure.
• H-top — the remaining nucleons (single protons/neutrons, deuterons, tritons, alpha clusters) located on the z-poles of the core, forming the spins (moimps) and magnetic moments (magnims) of nuclides.

• Formation of the χχ-core and the role of the "Belt of Aphrodite" in stabilizing isotopes of titanium, chromium, and iron (Ch. 3.1).
• Analysis of long-lived nuclides (⁵⁰V, ⁵⁰Cr) and the mechanisms forbidding β-transitions due to moimp conservation.
• Systematics of isomeric states and conditions for the manifestation of isomerism in even-odd nuclides (Ge, Se, Kr, Sr) — the "first island of isomerism" (Ch. 3.2).
• Formation of the three-story χξχ-core in Sr, Zr, Mo and its role in record binding energy values (Ch. 3.3).
• The unique features of Ru, Pd, Cd structures with a homely αεχξχ-core and their low-lying excited states, interpreted not as "vibrations" but as configurational transitions of neutron pairs (Ch. 3.4).
• Record holders by number of isotopes — Sn (10 isotopes), Te (8), Xe (9) — and the unique triads of stable isobars with A = 124, 130, 136 (Ch. 3.5).
• Periodic system of nuclide structures, classification by associations (Θ, Ξ, Δ), groups, and periods; "magic" neutron frameworks N^m = 20, 28, 50, 82 (Ch. 3.6).

(from the preface to Part 3).

• Lanthanides (Z = 57–71): Analysis of the nuclear structures of the "cerium" and "yttrium" subgroups, their excitation spectra, and the systematics of their parameters. The connection between the geochemical separation of rare-earth elements and the structure of their nuclear cores is discussed.
• Nuclei with Z = 72–81: Examination of nuclides of hafnium, tantalum, tungsten, rhenium, osmium, iridium, platinum, gold, and mercury. Analysis of "rotational bands" of excited states and the stabilizing role of neutron frameworks.
• The Delta Clan with a Five-Story Core (Z = 82–87): Detailed study of isotopes of lead, bismuth, polonium, astatine, radon, and francium. The role of the magic neutron number N=126 and the phenomenon of alpha decay.
• Uranium and Transuranics (Z ≥ 88): The structure of thorium, uranium, plutonium, americium, curium, californium nuclei, and heavier elements. Analysis of spontaneous fission, cluster radioactivity, and isomerism of fissioning states.
• Systematics of Properties: Chapter 4.5 summarizes the entire four-part work. Periodic tables of nuclide structures (Θ-, Ξ-, Δ-associations), graphs of isotope abundance and excitation energies, as well as criteria for classifying spectra (from "diamond" and "super-rigid" to "rotational") are presented.
• Geometric Model of the Nucleus: Within the author's approach, an "integer-α" cluster model is used, where the nuclear structure is described as a combination of standard clusters (χ, ξ, ζ, ε, etc.) forming spatial figures of various tiers (F-cores, G-packing, H-caps).

This publication is intended for specialists in nuclear physics, elementary particle physics, as well as for anyone interested in the fundamental questions of the structure of matter and alternative (non-quantum mechanical) approaches to describing the atomic nucleus. The book will be useful to readers wishing to familiarize themselves with a complete, consistent systematics of nuclides based on the principles of integrality and phenomenological clarity.

• A historical excursion — from the Pythagorean triangle and Platonic "eidos" to the Göttingen mathematical school and the "Copenhagen interpretation" of quantum mechanics.
• Sharp critique of key concepts in modern physics: point particles, infinite densities, renormalization, quarks, gluons, "colour," "flavor," gauge fields, and Higgs bosons.
• Hundreds of quotations from primary sources — statements by Plato, Aristotle, Galileo, Newton, Maxwell, Einstein, Bohr, Pauli, Dirac, Feynman, and many others. The author meticulously shows that doubts about the absolutization of abstraction were shared by the very founders of quantum theory.
• Concrete examples of absurdity — from "anomalous" magnetic moments and "ghost fields" to resonances declared "false" simply because they did not fit fashionable theoretical schemes.
• More than 40 "naive" questions to nuclear physics that contemporary theory cannot answer satisfactorily (why does tin have 10 stable isotopes while technetium has none? why are there no stable nuclei with equal proton and neutron numbers after calcium? etc.).
• An outline of an alternative approach — a phenomenological description of the fundamental structures of matter based on intuitive space-time models, a minimal set of quantum parameters, and simple arithmetic relationships verifiable by experiment.

• Can a theory that cannot predict a single decisive experiment be considered scientific?
• Why do the magnetic moments of the proton and neutron not conform to the "great" Dirac equation, while nature persistently demonstrates an "anomaly"?
• How does one distinguish genuine knowledge from "symbolic shamanism" dressed in the mantle of mathematics?
• Who decides, and on what basis, that one resonance is "certain" and another "false"?
• Does a taxpayer have the right to know how their money is spent when it comes to fundamental science?

• For students in physics and natural sciences — as an antidote to the dogmatic assimilation of educational material.
• For educators — as a stimulus to discuss with their students the methodology of science, the criteria of truth, and the limits of applicability of abstraction.
• For professional researchers — as an honest and well-argued reminder that science is not a religion but a continuous dialogue with Nature, in which the final word always belongs to experiment.
• For all taxpayers and "amateurs" — as an opportunity to independently understand what is happening at the cutting edge of physics without feeling like an "outsider."

• A detailed analysis of the crisis in modern physics: the author, from the perspective of an engineer and educator, examines the "pathological flaws" of the quantum paradigm, its dogmatism, and its detachment from reality.
• A historical and methodological investigation: you will learn how "serendipitous" (accidental) discoveries were replaced by theoretical "predictions," and what role the awarding of Nobel Prizes for "crazy" ideas played in this process.
• An alternative system of concepts: "substance," "Phispace" (physical space), "subcons" (fundamental constants), "speculants," "symbolics," "simulacra." The book offers a clear and consistent language for describing the microcosm.
• Concrete models of fundamental particles: you will see what the spatial structures of neutrinos, photons, and, most importantly, the electron (with its famous "drill" and "turbo" components) might look like, and how their mass, spin, charge, and magnetic moment are derived from these models using fundamental constants (c, ħ, α, ρ).

From the author's preface

The book is addressed to physicists, specialists in high-energy and nuclear physics, educators, graduate and undergraduate students in the natural sciences, as well as anyone interested in the structure of matter and a reliable description of physical reality.

• FGH model of a nuclide: The nucleus is described as a hierarchical combination of three components:
• F‑frame– an integer‑α cluster core (α, ε, χ, ξ, ζ);
• G‑pack– neutron belts and hoops (δ, η, ρ) that stabilize the frame;
• H‑head – unpaired nucleons and small groups (p, n, d, t, a) located at the poles of the nucleus.
• Analysis of the lightest nuclides:Using the deuteron, triton, tritide, and α‑helion, the author shows how the interaction of nucleon “coats” (not π‑mesons) determines binding energy, magnetic moments, and spins. Approximate quantitative calculations of nucleon mass variations inside the nucleus are provided.
• Periodic system of nuclides: The model explains why the number of stable isotopes, their relative abundances, and the absence of stable nuclides in technetium, promethium, etc., follow a natural structural periodicity.
• Interpretation of isomers, magic numbers, and “unicums”: Isomeric states are explained as different spatial configurations (e.g., dF vs. pFn) with close energies but different spins. Many well‑known anomalies receive a clear physical interpretation.
• Structure of medium and heavy nuclides: The regular growth of F‑frames and G‑packs is traced up to nuclides with Z ≥ 100. The most harmonious configurations receive figurative names (Anadyomene, Aphrodite, Apollo, Zeus, Athena) to emphasize their symmetry.

• The text is published in the author’s own edition and is a working draft (chapters 5.3, 6.3, 7.3 are incomplete). This allows the reader to see the model in the process of being built.
• Extensive illustrations, tables, and original notations make the description exceptionally clear.
• The book is addressed to anyone seeking a reliable and objective description of physical reality, who is not satisfied with mainstream dogmas and is ready for a serious, thoughtful engagement with an experimentally grounded alternative concept.

Conceptual interactions of fundamental structures are considered. Based on the cluster model of nuclides, a phenomenological description of the division of nuclides is presented. The mass and chemical spectrum of fission fragments of uranium and transuranum nuclei is discussed and substantiated.